Source Testing and Consulting Services Inc.

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About Stack Testing

 


Stack Testing (often referred to as emissions testing, source testing, etc.) is an empirical means of determining the concentration and/or emission rate of a particular pollutant or group of compounds.  Generally, a sample is collected from the stack and analyzed by some means to determine the levels present in the gas. 

This information is then coupled with diluent gas measurements and/or volumetric flow rate data to calculate emission rates or normalized concentrations for comparison to an applicable standard.  There are literally thousands of compounds that are considered pollutants and therefore there are also literally hundreds of emissions sampling and analytical techniques. 

Stack Testing Methods may be EPA Reference Test Methods, State test methods (California, Georgia, Texas and New Jersey, just to name a few) as well as ASTM, NCASI, ISO, and many others.  

EPA Test Methods are generally contained in the Federal Register under 40CFR60, Appendix A (1-29 or xx series), 40CFR61, Appendix B (1xx series), 40CFR51, Appendix M (2xx series) and  40CFR63, Appendix A (3xx series).  Other EPA Methods may also be found in reference and guidance documents such as the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) methods (00xx series).  Paths to test method sites can be found or our links pages.  The information below describes some of the different types of stack testing techniques used. Links are provided for more detail.

Instrumental test methods provide instantaneous results allowing facilities to determine whether process adjustments need to be made to meet regulatory requirements. 

 

Wet chemistry methods (sometimes called manual methods) generally require "after the fact" analysis. Using modern analytical techniques, wet chemistry methods extend the scope of emissions testing to nearly any compound.  

Gas Chromatography (GC) allows speciation of different analytes in a gas sample. A variety of different separation columns, detectors, and  sampling techniques makes GC a versatile testing technique.

 

While the majority of emissions test procedures fit into the categories, other empirical techniques exist and are commonly used in many industires.

 

This section briefly describes some techniques, other than source sampling, that are used to determine emissions from selected processes. 

 

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